Researchers at Cardiff University have discovered genetic variation is the reason why some immune systems overreact to viruses (Cardiff University, 2017).

Previous research had revealed that a gene called Ifitm3 influences how sensitive people are to influenza, with a variant form of the gene making cells more susceptible to viral infection. This new research reveals that Ifitm3 also plays an important role in controlling the extent of the inflammatory response triggered by virus infection. The study suggests that individuals with deficiencies in Ifitm3 may have an overactive immune response to viral infection and may therefore be helped by a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs in addition to medicine that directly targets the virus.

Worldwide the frequency of the variant Ifitm3 gene is 1 in 400, although it is much more common among people from certain ethnic groups.

Dr Ian Humphreys, from Cardiff University’s School of Medicine, said “Now we know that genetic make-up influences how the immune system copes with infections, not only by influencing how the body controls an infection but also by controlling how strongly the body’s immune system reacts, we can design therapeutic strategies for individuals who are seriously ill with infections, which are tailored to the individual based on their genetic profile.”

The data was collected using immune cells from mice, with and without the variant form of Ifitm3, to observe how the immune system responds to a virus called cytomegalovirus. The results could also be relevant for other viral infections such as influenza.

This research was primarily funded by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship.

The paper “Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 prevents cytokinedriven cytomegalovirus pathogenesis” is published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation.