Groundbreaking research is helping develop a better understanding of the growing threat posed by anti-fungal drug resistance.

Invasive aspergillosis is a devastating disease caused by breathing in small airborne spores of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and it is a condition where drug resistance has been encountered. In a healthy person these spores are destroyed by the body’s immune system but in those with a weakened immune system, such as following organ transplantation or in someone with a lung condition such as asthma or cystic fibrosis, they can trigger a range of problems including infections.

Every year aspergillosis leads to more than two hundred thousand life threatening infections, with increasing resistance to vital anti-fungal drug treatments makes these infections harder to treat.

National Institutes of Health funding supported a collaboration between the University of Tennessee, the University of Texas and Swansea University as part of a $2m five year research programme. This support enabled investigation of resistance to the triazole class of anti-fungal drugs used for treating the disease

A new paper, published in mBio, reveals how researchers have been able to identify a previously uncharacterised genetic mutation in clinical isolates that leads to resistance.

Professor Jarrod Fortwendel, from the University of Tennessee, said “As with bacteria, antifungal drug resistance is a real challenge facing medicine. Understanding how the fungus becomes drug resistant is important for designing changes in therapy to overcome aspergillosis.”

Professor Dave Rogers, from the University of Tennessee, said “It is very important that the research continues and we find out more about why it is happening and how we can tackle it for the future.”

Swansea University’s Professor Steve Kelly has experience researching the field of anti-fungal resistance dating back to 1984. Swansea University said he considered the findings a real breakthrough. He said “This paper is the result of a lot of hard work and we are delighted to now be able to publish our findings.”